Indonesian Journal of Education and Science
The Indonesian Journal of Education and Science (IJES) is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to advancing research and scholarship across the fields of education and science. Published [frequency, October, January, April, and July], IJES offers an open-access platform for educators, researchers, and practitioners to share innovative findings, theoretical insights, and practical applications that contribute to both disciplines. The journal welcomes a diverse range of submissions, including research articles, reviews, case studies, and perspectives that address contemporary issues, promote interdisciplinary approaches, and foster scholarly dialogue. IJES is committed to publishing high-quality, impactful research that spans a wide array of topics, including but not limited to teaching methodologies, curriculum design, educational technology, as well as the psychological and social aspects of education. It also explores areas in the natural and applied sciences and highlights studies that link science and education to societal advancement. Through its publications, IJES aims to capture emerging trends, propose solutions to real-world challenges, and inspire innovation in education. We welcome your contributions and look forward to advancing knowledge together in the fields of education and science.
The Effectiveness of the Talaqqi Method in Enhancing Arabic Reading Proficiency at Pondok Pesantren Wirdullatifah Nahdlatul Wathan Banjar Manis
This study addresses the need for effective instructional methods to improve Arabic reading proficiency in pesantren, particularly through direct teacher–student interaction. The study aims to examine the effect of the Talaqqi method on students’ Arabic reading proficiency and determine the magnitude of its contribution. A quantitative quasi-experimental design was employed with 40 students at Pondok Pesantren Wirdullatifah Nahdlatul Wathan Banjar Manis selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using Arabic reading proficiency tests administered before and after the intervention and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, paired-samples t-test, linear regression, and Cohen’s d. The findings reveal that the mean reading proficiency score increased from 56.32 before the intervention to 75.45 after the intervention. The paired-samples t-test showed a statistically significant improvement (t = 10.67, df = 39, p = 0.0001). Regression analysis indicated a positive coefficient (B = 0.44) and an R² of 0.62, indicating that 62% of the variance in Arabic reading proficiency was explained by the Talaqqi method within the model. The effect size was large (Cohen’s d = 1.50). The study concludes that Talaqqi is an effective approach for enhancing Arabic reading proficiency through modelling, direct feedback, repetition, and guided practice. The findings contribute to Arabic pedagogy and provide practical implications for pesantren-based instruction.
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The Impact of ChatGPT Integration on Arabic Language Learning Among Generation Z Students
This study addresses the limited evidence on the impact of ChatGPT integration on Arabic language learning among Generation Z students, particularly across linguistic, cognitive, motivational, and ethical dimensions. The study aims to synthesize recent evidence on ChatGPT-supported Arabic language learning and identify emerging patterns, challenges, and research gaps. A systematic literature review was employed using a PRISMA-informed approach to identify, screen, evaluate, and synthesize relevant studies published primarily between 2021 and 2026. The literature was analyzed thematically across linguistic development, motivation and engagement, learner autonomy, self-regulated learning, higher-order thinking, AI literacy, personalization, ethical use, and potential dependency. The findings indicate that ChatGPT can support Arabic reading, writing, speaking, grammar, vocabulary, translation, language practice, personalized feedback, motivation, and self-directed learning. Cognitive benefits were also identified when ChatGPT was integrated through structured guidance and active learner engagement. However, concerns regarding academic integrity, dependency, information accuracy, privacy, and inadequate human validation remain. The review concludes that ChatGPT is most effective as a guided human-AI learning support system rather than a replacement for teachers or learners. The study contributes theoretically by integrating technological, cognitive, and learner-centered perspectives and practically by highlighting the need for AI literacy, responsible prompting, teacher guidance, and human verification. Future research should examine Generation Z learners through longitudinal, experimental, and cross-skill studies in Arabic language education.
Analysis of Fourth-Grade Students’ Literacy Skills in Identifying Intrinsic Elements and Moral Values in Legend Stories at SDN 2 Selebung Ketangga
This study was motivated by the need to understand how primary school students construct meaning from legend stories, particularly in identifying intrinsic elements and moral values. The study aimed to analyze fourth-grade students’ literacy skills in identifying intrinsic elements and moral values in legend stories and to examine factors influencing their performance. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design involving 20 fourth-grade students at SDN 2 Selebung Ketangga, Indonesia. Quantitative data were collected through a literacy test based on the legend Keong Mas and analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were obtained through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation and analyzed through thematic and interactive analysis. The findings showed that students’ literacy skills in identifying intrinsic elements were generally good, with a mean score of 81.25; 75% of students achieved good to very good performance. Characters and characterization (95%) and setting (90%) were the strongest aspects, whereas plot (70%) and theme (75%) were more challenging. Students’ ability to identify moral values was also good, with a mean score of 79.50; however, only 65% could provide logically supported explanations. Reading fluency, reading interest, motivation, parental support, school literacy programs, and teacher guidance influenced performance. The study concludes that legend stories can integrate literacy, literary analysis, and moral learning, although instruction should emphasize deeper interpretation and evidence-based reasoning.
The Contribution of Islamic Religious Education Teachers to the Empowerment of Out-of-School Youth through Islamic Values-Based Education
This study is motivated by the limited synthesis of evidence concerning the contribution of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) teachers to the empowerment of out-of-school youth through Islamic values-based education, despite the growing need for inclusive educational approaches to address educational inequality and social exclusion. The study aims to systematically examine the educational roles of IRE teachers, analyze the implementation of Islamic values-based education, explore the contribution of community-based educational practices, and develop an integrated conceptual framework for youth empowerment. The research employed a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Secondary data were collected from peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2021 and 2026 and retrieved from major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis Online, Wiley Online Library, Sage Journals, Emerald Insight, MDPI, ERIC, DOAJ, Crossref, and Google Scholar. The selected studies were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that IRE teachers perform multidimensional roles as moral and spiritual educators, learning facilitators, and community educators who promote educational empowerment through the internalization of Islamic values, mentoring, role modelling, and community engagement. The review further identifies justice (adl), compassion (rahmah), responsibility (amanah), and moderation (wasatiyyah) as the core values underpinning educational empowerment. The study concludes that Islamic values-based education provides a holistic framework for strengthening educational access, character formation, social inclusion, and community resilience among out-of-school youth. Theoretically, this review advances Islamic education literature by proposing an integrated conceptual framework, while practically informing educators, policymakers, and community organizations in developing collaborative and inclusive educational programs. Future research should empirically validate the proposed framework across diverse educational and cultural contexts.
Collaborative Learning, Self-Regulated Learning, and English Communication Competence Among Students in Islamic Higher Education
English communication competence has become an essential competency for students in Islamic Higher Education, yet many learners continue to experience difficulties in developing effective communicative abilities despite growing interest in learner-centered English language instruction. This study aimed to systematically synthesize recent empirical evidence concerning collaborative learning, self-regulated learning, and English communication competence, examine the relationships among these three constructs, and identify current research gaps and future research directions within Islamic Higher Education. The study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 framework. Peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2021 and 2026 were retrieved from major academic databases using predefined search strategies and explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected studies were analyzed through thematic synthesis to identify recurring themes, methodological characteristics, conceptual developments, and empirical findings. The review revealed a substantial increase in research on collaborative learning, self-regulated learning, and English communication competence, with recent studies emphasizing learner-centered, technology-enhanced, and communication-oriented pedagogies. The findings consistently demonstrated that collaborative learning promotes authentic interaction, peer engagement, and communicative practice, whereas self-regulated learning strengthens learner autonomy, motivation, strategic learning, and self-monitoring. Their integration was found to enhance English communication competence, including speaking performance, communicative confidence, intercultural awareness, and digital communication skills. However, studies integrating these three constructs within Islamic Higher Education remain limited. Overall, this review provides an integrated conceptual framework that contributes to English language education theory while offering practical guidance for lecturers, curriculum developers, and researchers in designing learner-centered and technology-supported instructional practices that strengthen English communication competence in Islamic Higher Education.
Strengthening Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Economics Education: A Systematic Review of Innovative Learning Models
Strengthening Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) has become a fundamental priority in twenty-first-century education and should be systematically fostered through economics education. HOTS plays a crucial role in enhancing students' critical, analytical, evaluative, and creative thinking abilities, enabling them to understand and solve complex economic problems. This study aims to analyze the development of research on strengthening HOTS in economics education, identify the innovative instructional models employed, and examine their effectiveness in enhancing students' higher-order thinking skills. The study adopted a qualitative approach using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The data were collected from scholarly articles published in Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) between 2020 and 2026. A total of 30 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis. The findings indicate that Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Project-Based Learning (PjBL), Inquiry Learning, Case-Based Learning (CBL), Discovery Learning, and Blended Learning are effective instructional models for developing students' higher-order thinking skills. These pedagogical approaches consistently promote critical analysis, problem-solving, decision-making, and reflective thinking within authentic economic contexts. The study concludes that strengthening HOTS in economics education requires the systematic integration of innovative, student-centered instructional models to support the development of twenty-first-century competencies and to create more adaptive, contextualized, and meaningful learning experiences.
Exploring Grammatical Errors Among Foreign Language Learners: A Study of Islamic Educational Management Students (Class B) at STIT Palapa Nusantara
Grammar plays an essential role in helping learners produce clear and meaningful communication in English. However, many foreign language learners still experience difficulties in applying grammatical rules accurately, especially in writing. This study aims to explore the types of grammatical errors made by foreign language learners and to identify the most common errors found in their written texts. The study employed a descriptive qualitative research design using an error analysis approach. The participants of the study were students learning English as a foreign language who were asked to complete a writing task on a given topic. The students’ written texts were collected as the primary data and analyzed using the error analysis procedures proposed by Stephen Pit Corder and further discussed by Rod Ellis. The results of the analysis revealed several types of grammatical errors, including verb tense errors, subject–verb agreement errors, article errors, preposition errors, pronoun errors, and sentence structure errors. Among these categories, verb tense and subject–verb agreement errors were the most frequently occurring errors in the students’ writing. The findings indicate that learners still face considerable challenges in mastering English grammar, particularly in applying grammatical rules consistently in written communication. These results suggest that English language teaching should provide more focused grammar instruction, contextualized learning activities, and continuous feedback to help learners improve their grammatical accuracy. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of grammatical difficulties experienced by foreign language learners and provides insights that may help teachers develop more effective strategies for teaching English grammar.
The Utilization of Technological Media in Arabic Language Instruction
The rapid development of digital technology has transformed Arabic language instruction by introducing various forms of technological media that enhance learning effectiveness, engagement, and accessibility. This study aims to systematically review and synthesize existing literature on the utilization of technological media in Arabic language instruction, focusing on how these technologies are conceptualized, their impacts on learning outcomes and student engagement, and the challenges associated with their implementation. A systematic literature review approach was employed by analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles and academic books published between 2016 and 2025. Data were collected through structured database searches and selected based on relevance, credibility, and topical focus. The data were then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes across the literature. The findings reveal that technological media are widely conceptualized as tools for fostering interactive, student-centered, communicative, and constructivist learning environments. The review also indicates that technological media significantly improve students’ language proficiency, particularly in vocabulary acquisition, grammatical understanding, and integrated language skills, while also enhancing motivation, participation, and learner confidence. However, several challenges persist, including limited teacher digital literacy, inadequate training, infrastructure constraints, and the digital divide, which hinder optimal implementation. In conclusion, technological media play a crucial role in advancing Arabic language instruction by improving learning outcomes and engagement, yet their effectiveness depends on teacher competence, institutional support, and technological readiness. The study highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to optimize technology integration in Arabic language education.
The Influence of the Learning Environment on Students’ Motivation in Learning Arabic
The learning environment has been widely recognized as a critical factor influencing students’ motivation, particularly in the context of Arabic language learning, which involves complex linguistic and sociocultural dimensions. This study aimed to systematically examine how the learning environment has been conceptualized, to identify its key dimensions, and to analyze its influence on students’ motivation in learning Arabic. A qualitative approach using a systematic literature review design was employed. Data were collected from scholarly articles and academic books published between 2015 and 2025, sourced from reputable databases. The selection process followed predefined inclusion criteria, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and relationships across studies. The findings revealed that the learning environment is a multidimensional construct consisting of physical, social, psychological, technological, and religious-cultural dimensions. These dimensions were found to interact dynamically in shaping students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The results also indicated a positive and reciprocal relationship between the learning environment and motivation, where supportive environments enhance student engagement and achievement, while motivated learners contribute to more conducive learning conditions. Furthermore, factors such as teaching strategies, social support, and individual differences were identified as important mediators and moderators in this relationship. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of designing holistic and supportive learning environments to enhance students’ motivation in Arabic language learning and provides a comprehensive framework for future research and educational practice.
The Influence of Motivation on Students’ Achievement in Learning Arabic
Motivation has been widely recognized as a critical factor influencing students’ academic achievement, particularly in foreign language learning contexts such as Arabic. However, existing studies often examine motivation in fragmented ways, without providing a comprehensive understanding of its multidimensional nature and its interaction with learning processes. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review and synthesize the influence of motivation on students’ achievement in learning Arabic, with a focus on intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy. This research employed a qualitative systematic literature review design, analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles and scholarly publications published between 2015 and 2025. Data were collected through a documentation technique and analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify recurring themes, patterns, and relationships among variables. The findings reveal that motivation has a significant and positive relationship with students’ academic achievement in Arabic learning. Intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy emerged as the most influential dimensions, while extrinsic motivation played a supportive role in enhancing engagement. Furthermore, the study found that motivation interacts dynamically with instructional strategies and educational contexts, shaping students’ learning processes and outcomes. In conclusion, motivation is a central and integrative factor that determines students’ success in learning Arabic. The study highlights the importance of fostering intrinsic motivation and strengthening self-efficacy through innovative and supportive learning environments. These findings contribute to both theoretical understanding and practical improvement of Arabic language education.
My Post Graduate and Professional Research and Study on Chartered Management
Chartered management qualification is very important in this age ofmanage globalization.In chartered manager we study the different stream of management.In chartered manager we study about the buying and selling material,we study about the economic order quantity of material management.In the chartered manager we study all the aspects of material management, which is relate to production and operation management.In the chartered manager we study about the operation management with detail and study case.in the chartered manager we can learn about the utilization of resource under the principles of operation management,in operation management we study about the best location of resources and it utilization according to the needs.In the Chartered Management, we study quality control and project management.
Learning Disruption among Elementary School Children Caused by Mobile Digital Games: A Literature Analysis of Parenting and Teaching Challenges
The rapid proliferation of mobile digital games has introduced both opportunities and challenges for elementary education, as children increasingly integrate gaming into their daily routines and social interactions. This study investigates the extent to which mobile digital gaming disrupts learning among elementary school children and examines the associated challenges faced by parents and teachers in managing these activities. Employing a qualitative literature analysis, the research synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed journal articles and scholarly books published within the last ten years. Data were collected through systematic identification, screening, and extraction of relevant studies, followed by thematic content analysis to identify patterns in academic, behavioral, social, and cognitive impacts, as well as parenting and instructional challenges. The results reveal that excessive mobile gaming negatively affects attention spans, academic motivation, study habits, and adherence to school routines. Behavioral and social consequences include increased individualism, antisocial tendencies, and potential gaming addiction, while cognitive impacts encompass diminished problem-solving skills, decision-making, and executive functioning. Parents face difficulties in monitoring game usage, managing emotional pressures, and providing effective guidance, whereas teachers encounter challenges in adapting pedagogical strategies, maintaining classroom focus, and collaborating with families. The findings highlight the systemic nature of learning disruption caused by mobile gaming and emphasize the need for digital literacy, structured parental guidance, and home–school collaboration. The study contributes to understanding the interplay between digital media use, child development, and educational practice, offering insights for policies and strategies that promote balanced digital engagement, enhance learning outcomes, and support holistic development in elementary education.
Research on Economics Growth and Development as Doctor of Letters in Economics
Economic development is a continuous process.it is not possible in one years,it takes the many years,the impact of economic development is very long.Economic development is the right example of revolution.Economic development is the very integral part of country human life.Some countries are symbol of Economic development.All the nation should fellow the path way of development..Many countries are the examples for other world.Deregulation,cottage industry,Micro finance, Motivation economic and management policies.Such economy got the destination of Economic development with steadily and smoothly.for example in china and Japan have the economic growth target of two percentage,through this way they achieved the economic growth and devlopment.
The Influence of the Madrasah Principal’s Interpersonal Communication on Teachers’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in Madrasah Aliyah
This study analyzes the direct effect of principals’ interpersonal communication on teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Madrasah Aliyah in Central Lombok, Indonesia. OCB refers to discretionary extra-role behaviors that are not formally rewarded but support school effectiveness. Recent evidence highlights teachers’ OCB as a key determinant of collaboration and student outcomes, while leadership and the way principals exercise power are important antecedents. A quantitative survey with a causal design was employed. The population consisted of 2,665 Madrasah Aliyah teachers, from which 348 were selected through multi- stage simple random sampling. Principals’ power and teachers’ OCB were measured using validated Likert-type scales. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. The findings show that teachers’ OCB is generally at a moderate level, while principals’ power is perceived as relatively high. Path analysis indicates that principals’ power has a positive and statistically significant direct effect on teachers’ OCB (p31 = 0.118; t = 2.793; p< 0.05). The study concludes that effective and constructive use of power by principals fosters higher OCB among teachers. The results imply the need to strengthen principals’ of openness, empathy,supportivinees, positiveness, and equality to cultivate extra-role behaviors that support the improvement of with teachers. This finding also reinforces leadership development programs as a strategic approach to enhancing school climate, teacher engagement, and overall institutional performance.
Principal’s Iinterpersonal communication
A Contextual Approach in Islamic Religious Education Learning
Islamic Religious Education (IRE) plays a strategic role in fostering learners’ cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development through the integration of religious knowledge, values, and real-life practice. However, IRE learning is often characterized by abstract and text-oriented instruction, which limits students’ meaningful engagement. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach in Islamic Religious Education, identify facilitating and inhibiting factors affecting its application, and analyze its contribution to meaningful learning outcomes. Employing a qualitative literature review design, this study analyzed relevant books and peer-reviewed journal articles published within the last ten years. Data were collected through systematic documentation and analyzed using thematic content analysis to identify recurring concepts, strategies, and outcomes related to CTL in IRE contexts. The findings indicate that CTL in Islamic Religious Education is conceptually grounded in constructivist learning theory, cognitive psychology, and the philosophical foundations of Islamic education. CTL implementation is characterized by experiential learning strategies, including problem-based learning, collaborative activities, reflection, and the use of learners’ real-life environments as instructional resources. Teacher pedagogical competence, curriculum flexibility, institutional support, and learning resources emerged as key facilitating factors, while limited infrastructure, insufficient training, time constraints, and technological challenges were identified as major barriers. Furthermore, the contextual approach contributes significantly to meaningful learning outcomes across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains by enhancing understanding, motivation, value internalization, and behavioral practice. This study concludes that CTL serves as a pedagogically relevant approach for strengthening meaningful and holistic learning in Islamic Religious Education.
Culture and Regional Language Based Tourism Economy: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review
This study is motivated by the limited systematic research on the integration of culture and regional language as core economic resources in tourism, despite their significant influence on destination competitiveness, sustainability, and cultural preservation. It aims to analyze the role of culture and regional language as symbolic and economic capital, identify dominant integration patterns in tourism development, and examine challenges and future directions of culture- and language-based tourism economies. The research employs a qualitative interdisciplinary literature review design, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles and scholarly books published between 2015 and 2025, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through systematic document analysis and examined using thematic and comparative analysis to synthesize perspectives from tourism studies, cultural studies, linguistics, and the creative economy. Findings indicate that culture and regional language function as strategic symbolic assets that shape destination identity, strengthen perceptions of authenticity, and generate economic value when effectively mobilized within tourism systems, supporting cultural capital theory. Community-based tourism, participatory cultural governance, and linguistic landscape strategies emerge as the most effective integration patterns for achieving economic sustainability while safeguarding cultural integrity. However, persistent challenges—including over-commodification, cultural homogenization, unequal benefit distribution, and limited institutional capacity—remain significant barriers. The study concludes that integrating culture and regional language into tourism economies requires inclusive governance, ethical commodification, and innovation through digital storytelling and creative industries. The implications advance interdisciplinary tourism and cultural economy scholarship while informing policymakers and practitioners on sustainable, culture-based tourism strategies. Future research should employ empirical, comparative, and mixed-methods approaches across diverse regional contexts.
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Constraints of Workplace Experience Learning Implementation among Fashion Design TVET in Ghana
Workplace Experience Learning (WEL) programs are vital to Technical and Vocational Education because they enable students to apply classroom learning in real-world settings and develop entrepreneurial skills. In Ghana’s fashion design education context, WEL has gained significance; however, there is a paucity of empirical evidence on the effectiveness of these programs in enhancing students’ practical and entrepreneurial skills in technical universities. The study aimed to investigate the impact of WEL participation on the cultivation of entrepreneurial competencies among Higher National Diploma (HND) fashion design students in Ghana. The study examined the mediating role of placement activities, including mentorship, practical training, and supervision, and identified critical factors influencing the quality and outcomes of implementation. A sequential mixed-method design with an explanatory focus was utilised. Quantitative data were gathered from 250 students at four technical universities and analysed through regression and mediation models. To enhance interpretation of the findings, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were analysed thematically using NVivo. The results indicated a substantial positive correlation between WEL participation and improvements in entrepreneurial competencies. Placement activities became important links due to weak ties between universities and industry, limited insurance coverage, limited family support, and communication problems. The study concludes that fortifying institutional coordination, augmenting support systems, and refining industry partnerships are essential to optimise WEL’s influence on fashion design education in Ghana.
Entrepreneurial Competency, Constructivist Learning, Fashion Design TVET, Placement Activities, Workplace Experience Learning
Theoretical and Empirical Review of Reading Literacy among Elementary School Students
Reading literacy is a fundamental competence that profoundly impacts students' academic performance and lifelong learning. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review that bridges theoretical frameworks and empirical findings regarding reading literacy among elementary school students. Utilizing a qualitative research design with a systematic literature review approach, this study analyzed 42 peer-reviewed publications from 2015 to 2025. The sources were selected using predefined inclusion criteria and analyzed thematically to address three central research questions concerning theoretical models, effective literacy strategies, and the integration of theory and practice. The findings reveal that the Simple View of Reading, the Interactive-Compensatory Model, and Sociocultural Theory are dominant frameworks explaining reading development. Empirical evidence highlights the effectiveness of strategies such as metacognitive approaches, digital literacy tools, paraphrasing training, and feedback-oriented instruction. The integration of these theoretical insights with classroom practices underscores the importance of student-centered learning and culturally responsive pedagogy in enhancing literacy outcomes. Moreover, the study emphasizes the evolving role of technology and the need to address learning loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This integrative review contributes to a deeper understanding of how theory and practice intersect in reading instruction, offering valuable implications for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers aiming to improve literacy education in elementary settings.
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A Literature Review on Technology-Based Learning: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
This study synthesizes literature on technology-based learning to identify prevailing trends, implementation challenges, and actionable opportunities across educational levels, with particular attention to Indonesian high schools and Islamic schools. Motivated by rapid digital transformation and uneven adoption during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the review aimed to answer: What are TEL trends; which barriers hinder effective implementation; and what opportunities can be leveraged to improve teaching and learning through technology? A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted using purposive sampling of 25 publications from 2015–2025 drawn from international and local academic databases. Data were extracted with a structured form and analyzed through thematic content analysis supported by NVivo to generate cross-cutting themes. The review found four dominant trends—artificial intelligence for adaptive learning, mobile and cloud-based platforms for flexible access, immersive XR/AR/VR experiences for experiential learning, and pedagogical innovations such as gamification and flipped classrooms—alongside persistent challenges including infrastructure and access inequities, limited teacher competencies, cultural and organizational resistance, sustainability and scalability concerns, and digital literacy gaps. Corresponding opportunities include personalized learning, expanded access and inclusion, enhanced student engagement through innovative pedagogy, and data-informed strategic planning. The study concludes that TEL is a systemic transformation requiring aligned pedagogy, professional development, equitable infrastructure, and context-sensitive strategies to realize its potential. Future research should empirically assess TEL interventions in classroom settings and explore long-term impacts on equity and learning outcomes.
The Efforts of Akidah Akhlak Teachers in Shaping Students’ Character at MI Maraqita’limat Mamben Lauk in the Academic Year 2024/2025
This study explores the efforts of Akidah Akhlak teachers in shaping students’ character at MI Maraqita’limat Mamben Lauk during the 2024/2025 academic year. Character education plays a crucial role in developing students’ moral integrity, discipline, and social responsibility, particularly within Islamic educational settings where teachers serve as both moral educators and role models. The study aimed to identify the strategies used by teachers in character formation and to examine the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing these efforts. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using a case study design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the teachers’ efforts included integrating moral values into learning activities, modeling ethical behavior, habituating good practices, applying persuasive and disciplinary approaches, and collaborating with parents and the community. Supporting factors comprised teacher exemplarity, a conducive school environment, parental involvement, and curriculum-based moral integration, while inhibiting factors included lack of family support, negative media influence, and high teacher workload. The study concludes that successful character formation requires consistency, collaboration, and the embodiment of Islamic values by teachers. These findings contribute to the theoretical development of Islamic character education and offer practical insights for enhancing teacher strategies in fostering akhlaq al-karimah.
Teacher Reflection on the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Elementary Schools
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in elementary schools demands a paradigm shift in learning that is more contextual, differentiated, and oriented toward strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students. However, in reality, many teachers still face challenges in understanding and effectively applying this curriculum. This study aims to reflect on teachers’ experiences in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at the elementary school level. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design conducted in four elementary schools in Wanasaba District over a period of three months, from January to March 2025. Data collection techniques included semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and documentation involving 25 informants consisting of principals, teachers, and students. The results of the study indicate that most teachers have understood the basic concepts of the Merdeka Curriculum but face difficulties in its practical implementation, such as designing differentiated instruction, conducting formative assessments, and building a culture of reflection. Structural support from schools and other stakeholders is also still limited. The lack of ongoing training and supporting facilities is a significant obstacle in the adaptation process to this new curriculum. In conclusion, teachers' reflections reveal a gap between theoretical understanding and the practical application of the Merdeka Curriculum. Therefore, systematic efforts are needed to enhance teacher competence through training, mentoring, and strengthening collaborative learning communities to support the successful implementation of the curriculum in elementary schools.
The Efforts of the Madrasah Principal in Preventing Bullying Among Students at MTs NW Aik Bukaq
This research aims to explore and analyze the efforts made by the principal in preventing bullying among students at MTs NW Aik Bukaq. Bullying is a serious issue within educational settings that can negatively impact students’ psychological and social development. As the leader of an educational institution, the principal holds a strategic role in fostering a safe and conducive school environment. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, involving the principal, teachers, and several students as informants. The data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the principal had implemented various preventive measures to address bullying: (1) anti-bullying policies were established through school regulations; (3) supervision of student interactions within the school environment was strengthened; (3) character development activities were conducted through religious and social programs; and (4) collaboration with guidance and counseling teachers as well as homeroom teachers was established to follow up on potential bullying cases. In addition, the principal applied a persuasive approach toward students with bullying tendencies and maintained intensive communication with parents. These efforts demonstrate the importance of leadership commitment, teacher collaboration, and parental involvement in preventing bullying. The study concludes that comprehensive preventive strategies supported by strong leadership and active stakeholder participation are essential to create a safe and supportive learning environment.
The Importance of Instilling Islamic Aqidah in Elementary School Students in Facing Moral Challenges in the Digital Era: A Literature Review
In the digital era, elementary school students face increasing exposure to online environments that pose both opportunities and moral challenges. This study explores the importance of instilling Islamic aqidah (faith-based belief) in elementary students to strengthen their moral resilience in navigating digital spaces. Employing a qualitative library research method with a systematic literature review design, the study analyzed 25 scholarly sources published between 2020 and 2025. Data were collected using thematic coding focused on four areas: conceptual foundations of aqidah, pedagogical strategies, digital-era moral challenges, and innovations in Islamic education. The findings indicate that the internalization of aqidah significantly influences students’ ethical behavior online by fostering digital responsibility, empathy, integrity, and spiritual awareness. However, Islamic elementary schools encounter several challenges in integrating aqidah into digital curricula, such as a lack of integrated pedagogical models, inadequate teacher training, and external pressures that prioritize digital skills over spiritual formation. The study also identified effective strategies for aqidah education in the digital age, including faith-based digital tools, reflective discussions, teacher role modeling, and school-parent collaboration. These findings suggest that a holistic, technology-integrated, and value-oriented approach is essential to moral education in Islamic schools. This study contributes to the development of spiritually grounded and digitally literate educational practices for young Muslim learners.
Comparative Study of Educational Policy Implementation in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Focus on Curriculum Design and Teacher Autonomy
This study presents a comparative analysis of educational policy implementation in Indonesia and Malaysia, with a specific focus on curriculum design and teacher autonomy. It addresses four key research questions related to the philosophy of curriculum frameworks, institutional and cultural conditions influencing policy enactment, teacher agency in practice, and hybrid practices in border regions like Lombok–Sabah. Employing a literature review (library research) method, the study systematically synthesized peer-reviewed journal articles, government policy documents, and empirical studies published between 2013 and 2024. Thematic analysis was conducted using both deductive and inductive coding techniques, guided by qualitative content analysis methodology. Findings indicate that while both countries promote teacher autonomy at the policy level, Malaysia demonstrates stronger alignment between curricular goals and institutional support through mechanisms such as School-Based Assessment (SBA), Professional Learning Communities (PLCs), and leadership mentoring. Indonesia, by contrast, exhibits a symbolic form of autonomy under centralized policy structures, uneven teacher training access, and limited school-level capacity. In border regions like Lombok–Sabah, teachers exhibit high levels of contextual agency by integrating local culture, bilingual instruction, and grassroots collaboration into curriculum practice—demonstrating autonomy driven by necessity rather than policy. This research highlights the critical role of structural support, cultural responsiveness, and decentralization in actualizing teacher autonomy. It offers practical insights for education policymakers and curriculum developers seeking to create inclusive, adaptive, and teacher-empowering systems across diverse educational settings.
Islamic Education Curriculum:Between Classical Texts and the Challenges of the Modern Era
This study explores the reconstruction of the Islamic education curriculum through a dialectical analysis of classical Islamic texts and modern educational challenges. The research aimed to investigate how classical Islamic educational values can be integrated with contemporary needs to form a holistic, responsive, and spiritually grounded curriculum. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive approach through library research, the study drew from primary sources including classical works such as Ta‘līm al-Muta‘allim and Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn, as well as secondary sources like modern literature, academic journals, and official curriculum documents. Data were collected using textual and documentation analysis, and analyzed thematically through stages of data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that classical Islamic curricula, though undocumented in modern formats, emphasized ethical-spiritual development (adab, akhlāq) and integrated revealed and rational sciences. In contrast, modern curricula face challenges such as secularization, fragmentation of knowledge, and the pressures of digital culture and global competencies. Recent reforms in institutions like UIN and Pondok Modern Gontor demonstrate promising models of integration. The study concludes that a reconstructed Islamic curriculum must revive the ideal of insān kāmil, blend tradition with innovation, and evaluate learners holistically in both cognitive and spiritual terms. These insights contribute to the ongoing discourse on Islamic curriculum reform in the 21st century.
Human Resource Management in Islamic Boarding Schools: The Leadership Roles of Tuan Guru, Ustaz, and Foundation Leaders in Achieving Sustainable Islamic Educational Governance
Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) are vital institutions for religious and moral education in Indonesia, where leadership and human resource management (HRM) play a crucial role in sustaining educational quality. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review on HRM practices in pesantren, focusing specifically on the leadership roles of Tuan Guru, Ustaz, and foundation leaders in promoting sustainable Islamic educational governance. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research analyzed 25 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024. Thematic content analysis was used to identify patterns in HRM components, leadership contributions, and governance outcomes. The findings reveal five core HRM components commonly applied in pesantren: value-based recruitment, performance appraisal aligned with Islamic ethics, continuous professional development, organizational culture grounded in trust and justice, and structured career pathways. Leadership from Tuan Guru, Ustaz, and foundation leaders significantly influences transparency, staff engagement, and quality assurance. However, challenges such as limited leadership training, resistance to change, and digital illiteracy persist. This study provides a comprehensive framework integrating Islamic leadership values with modern HRM practices and highlights the need for leadership development and digital capacity-building in pesantren. It offers theoretical and practical insights for scholars and stakeholders aiming to strengthen educational governance in Islamic institutions.
The Strategy of Tahfizul Qur’an Teachers in Improving Students’ Memorization at MA Muallimin Nahdlatul Wathan Gunung Rajak
This study explores the implementation and impact of the Tahfidzul Qur’an program at MA Muallimin NW Gunung Rajak, focusing on its historical background, instructional strategies, supporting and inhibiting factors, and its influence on students’ character and academic performance. The research employed a qualitative case study approach, using semi-structured interviews with school leaders and teachers, observational data, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and relationships. The results reveal that the program was initiated as a collaborative effort between the principal and Islamic studies teachers to strengthen students' spiritual foundation and academic discipline. The implementation includes daily Qur’an recitation, structured memorization routines, and character integration. Teachers applied various strategies, such as daily targets, tasmi’, repetition (takrir), and musyafahah, to enhance memorization and spiritual growth. Supporting factors include strong leadership, a religious school environment, and parental involvement, while challenges such as time limitations and inconsistent student motivation persist. Notably, the program has led to significant improvements in students’ discipline, religious behavior, academic focus, and memorization skills. This research highlights the holistic benefits of Qur’anic memorization in character education and academic success. It offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers in developing effective, faith-based learning environments that support student excellence.
THE RELEVANCE OF KI HAJAR DEWANTARA’S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY IN 21ST CENTURY EDUCATION
This study aimed to examine the relevance of Ki Hajar Dewantara’s educational philosophy in the context of 21st-century education, particularly in the development of character and value-based humanistic education. In light of the rapid advancement of technology and the increasingly dynamic demands of education, it was considered essential to reassess the principles proposed by Ki Hajar Dewantara. A literature review method was employed using a qualitative approach to analyze scholarly works related to his thoughts and their application in contemporary education. The findings indicated that Ki Hajar Dewantara’s principles—such as Tut Wuri Handayani, the Among system, and the Tri Pusat Pendidikan (Three Centers of Education)—remained highly relevant for 21st-century education. These values supported character formation, learner autonomy, and an educational approach that emphasized independence, which were all crucial in addressing the challenges of education in the digital age. The study concluded that Ki Hajar Dewantara’s philosophy had made a significant contribution to the development of a more humanistic and relevant education system. The application of his values was found to strengthen character education and provide a strong foundation for the development of more inclusive curricula and educational policies in the future.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STEM BASED LEARNING METHODS IN IMPROVING PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS IN DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL MATERIAL
STEM-based learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) has been widely recognized as an effective educational approach in the 21st century to enhance students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of STEM-based learning compared to conventional methods in improving students' problem-solving skills in dynamic electricity material. The research employed a quasi-experimental design involving two groups: an experimental group that received STEM-based learning and a control group that followed conventional learning methods. Data were collected through pretest and posttest assessments, classroom observations, and teacher interviews. The results showed that students in the STEM-based learning group achieved a significantly higher posttest score (M = 82.6, SD = 6.7) compared to the control group (M = 73.2, SD = 7.5). The N-Gain analysis indicated a medium-high category improvement (0.67) in the experimental group, while the control group showed a medium category improvement (0.48). Furthermore, the independent t-test confirmed a statistically significant difference in problem-solving skill enhancement between the two groups (t = 3.21, p < 0.05). Observational data also revealed that STEM-based learning promoted higher student engagement (M = 4.2 on a 5-point scale) compared to conventional methods (M = 3.5). These findings suggest that STEM-based learning is not only more effective in improving students’ problem-solving skills but also in increasing their engagement in the learning process. Thus, the implementation of STEM-based learning can serve as an alternative strategy to develop 21st-century competencies, particularly in physics education.
DIGITAL LITERACY AS A FUNDAMENTAL SKILL IN MODERN ECONOMIC EDUCATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
This study aimed to analyze the role of digital literacy as a fundamental skill in modern economic education. Amid the rapid advancement of digital technology, digital literacy was considered an essential competence that supported students in understanding and applying economic concepts effectively. The primary objective of this research was to identify the relationship between digital literacy and the development of economic skills in the digital era. The research method employed was a qualitative approach using a literature review design. Data were obtained through the selection of relevant literature, including journal articles, books, and research reports published between 2012 and 2024. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis techniques, which involved identifying key themes related to digital literacy in economic education. The findings indicated that digital literacy played a significant role in enhancing students’ economic skills, particularly in accessing and analyzing economic data. This study also revealed that the integration of technology in economic education improved students’ understanding of economic theory and better prepared them to face the challenges of the digital economy. In conclusion, digital literacy should be an integral part of the economic education curriculum. This study made a significant contribution to the development of digital literacy as a foundational competence supporting economic learning and opened opportunities for further in-depth research on the impact of digital literacy on economic education.